10种你绝不知道的圣诞美食

就像中国人一定会准备丰盛的年夜饭一样，在那些有着圣诞节传统的国家，人们也会在过节时准备各种特色而美味的圣诞大餐，与家人共享。不过除了姜饼人、火鸡，你知道世界各国还有哪些圣诞节传统美食吗？

　　When it comes to Christmas dinner, there are almost as many varieties as there are cultures.

　　谈及圣诞晚餐，有多少种文化就有多少种大餐。

　　From German Christmas goose to "fur coat" fish, here are just some of the ways people celebrate Christmas around the world.

　　从德国圣诞烧鹅到“皮草鱼”，下面是世界各地的人们庆祝圣诞节的一些方式。

　　Germany

　　德国

　　Weihnachtsgans, or German Christmas goose, is the traditional fowl that anchors family feasts around the country, though roast duck is becoming increasingly popular too.

　　德国圣诞烧鹅是全国各地家宴固定的传统菜，不过现在烤鸭也变得越来越受欢迎了。

　　Netherlands

　　荷兰

　　"Gourmetten is a typical Dutch Christmas dinner tradition, where a group of people sit at a table and cook their own little dishes in small pans (atop a large hot plate)," says Maartje Frederiks, CEO of the meal delivery group HelloFresh Benelux.

　　HelloFresh Benelux送餐公司的首席执行官玛瑞提费德里克斯表示，“Gourmetten是典型的荷兰传统圣诞晚餐，人们围坐在桌前，在一个大大的热烤盘上为自己烹制一小盘食物。”

　　It is reminiscent of the Swiss and French raclette, though instead of grilling cheese on a communal grill, Dutch people grill a variety of meat, fish and vegetables.

　　这让人想到瑞士和法国的烤奶酪，但荷兰人在共用烤架上不是烤奶酪，而是烤各种肉、鱼和蔬菜。

　　"Additionally, the Dutchies like to bake small omelets or pancakes, and dress the experience with a variety of different sauces and bread with garlic butter," says Frederiks.

　　费德里克斯说，“荷兰人还喜欢烤小煎蛋卷或小煎饼，还会佐以各种不同的调味酱和大蒜黄油面包。”

　　Italy

　　意大利

　　The Feast of the Seven Fishes, which occurs on Christmas Eve, is a gut-busting ritual kept in many parts of Italy and the Italian-American community.

　　在平安夜，意大利许多地区和意大利裔美国人社区的传统是享用美味的“七鱼宴”。

　　It's important that there are seven different 'fishes' prepared in seven different ways. Dishes are fried, cured, served in tomato sauce, etc.

　　重点是要用七种不同的方式制作七种不同的“鱼”，菜品包括油炸的、腌制的以及做成番茄沙司等。

　　Philippines

　　菲律宾

　　Its tropical climate makes it perfect for gathering the family outdoors to help with lechon, or whole roasted pig.

　　菲律宾的热带气候非常适宜全家聚在户外一起烤乳猪或烤全猪。

　　"Preparing lechon is a bit of an event in itself - from stuffing the hog with onions, lemongrass, and garlic to preparing the fire," says expat Filipino and executive chef Carlo Lamagna of Portland's Clyde Common.

　　波特兰Clyde Common餐厅的行政主厨卡罗拉马尼亚是侨居海外的菲律宾人，他说，“从给猪填洋葱、柠檬草和大蒜到准备炭火，制作烤乳猪这件事本身就是一个节日仪式。”

　　Costa Rica

　　哥斯达黎加

　　"One of the most authentic Christmas traditions in Costa Rica is to prepare tamales ... every family has a secret tamale recipe," says Allan Duarte, banquet manager at Costa Rica Marriott San Jose.

　　哥斯达黎加圣约瑟万豪酒店经理艾伦杜阿尔特表示，“哥斯达黎加最正宗的圣诞美食是玉米粉蒸肉……每个家庭都有玉米粉蒸肉的秘制配方。”

　　Tamales are usually wrapped in banana leaves, and stuffed with a meat (pork, chicken or beef), garlic, onion, potatoes, raisins and other ingredients.

　　粉蒸肉通常是用香蕉叶包裹，馅料有肉(猪肉、鸡肉或牛肉)、大蒜、洋葱、土豆、葡萄干和其他食材。

　　Russia

　　俄罗斯

　　Surely the most exotic-sounding dish on this list, Russia's "herring in a fur coat" is a vibrant, layered salad that's consumed in many Russian households for the holiday season.

　　这绝对是榜单上听起来最奇特的菜品。俄罗斯的“皮草鲱鱼”是一道色彩鲜亮、有层次感的沙拉，许多俄罗斯家庭在圣诞节期间都会享用这道菜。

　　"It is a staple at all of my family holiday feasts," says Daniel Malak, a Russian-American working in San Francisco. "If you're a pescatarian, open your eyes wide and take in the glory of this pie which is layered with beets, mayo, potatoes, diced hard boiled eggs and, of course, herring."

　　丹尼尔马拉克是在旧金山工作的俄裔美国人，他说：“我家所有节日宴席的主食都是皮草鲱鱼派。如果你是一名鱼素者，一定要品尝这道有名的菜，它是由甜菜、土豆、切丁的煮鸡蛋以及鲱鱼分层制成，加入了蛋黄酱。”

Puerto Rico

　　波多黎各

　　"As a native of Puerto Rico, one of my favorite meals to prepare is arroz con gandules (rice with peas and pigeon)," says Fernando Desa, executive chef of Goya Foods. "Holidays would certainly not be the same without this classic dish."

　　戈雅食品公司的行政主厨费尔南多德萨说，“作为一个土生土长的波多黎各人，我最喜欢做的食物之一是arroz con gandules(米饭配豌豆和鸽子肉)。没有这道经典菜品，节日肯定会变味的。”

　　The dish, which is seasoned with garlic, oregano, tomato sauce, olive oil and other ingredients, is enjoyed year-round but is required eating at Christmas.

　　这道菜加入的调料有大蒜、牛至、番茄酱、橄榄油以及其他食材，这道菜一年到头都可以吃，但在圣诞节这是必吃的食物。

　　New Orleans

　　新奥尔良

　　New Orleans is famous for "letting the good times roll" well into the holiday season with its Reveillon dinners, a French family tradition that goes back to the early 19th century.

　　新奥尔良以其“尽享美好时光”的节日通宵盛宴而闻名，节日通宵盛宴这一法国家庭传统可以追溯到19世纪初期。

　　Originally eaten after midnight mass before Christmas Eve, there are a variety of dishes in any given feast, but the usual suspects are seafood gumbo, soup and game pies.

　　最初人们做完平安夜前的午夜弥撒后开始用餐，所有通宵盛宴的菜品都非常丰盛，但一般可能出现的是海鲜浓汤，汤和野味派。

　　Poland

　　波兰

　　Dumplings, or pierogi - stuffed with either mashed potatoes, cottage cheese or sauerkraut -- are the traditional holiday treat of choice in Poland.

　　饺子是波兰的传统节日美食，馅料包含土豆泥、农家干酪或者泡菜。

　　They are served with different toppings, such as melted butter, fried onion or skwarki: fried, crunchy golden pork fatback nuggets.

　　饺子上浇了多种不同的配料，如熔化的黄油、炒洋葱或skwarki：一种炸得金黄香脆的肥猪肉块。

　　Dominica

　　多米尼加

　　The Caribbean island Dominica -- not to be confused with the Dominican Republic -- prefers to nosh on a hearty bowl of tripe soup for the holidays.

　　加勒比岛国多米尼克(不要与多米尼加共和国搞混)的居民更喜欢在节日期间享用一碗丰盛的牛肚汤。

　　Christmas tripe soup reflects the island nation's "whole animal" eating culture -- the practice of eating even those parts of an animal that might normally be discarded.

　　圣诞牛肚汤体现了这个岛屿国家“整吃动物”的饮食文化——他们会食用动物通常被丢弃的部分。

　　Vocabulary

　　lechon:炭火烤乳猪

　　hog:猪

　　oregano:牛至

　　crunchy:松脆的

　　tripe:牛肚