git 优雅的撤销中间某次提交方法
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/12/26 浏览：2)
环境
git : 2+
前言
最近两天，公司的git合并代码时，出现了严重的问题，浪费很多时间；
现在记录下；
情况是这样的，一个同事自己的本地分支（远程没有），不知怎么的，有了别人开发分支的代码，而他自己又不知道；
其在切换到主分支，并merge自己的分支，此时其已经把别人正在开发的代码都合并到了主分支。
到了晚上准备升级时，才发现，主分支的代码出了问题；此时版本库是这样的：
如图 100047dcc这一步就有不该有的代码；
而此时版本库已经提交过了很多次，现在的问题就是，如何撤销掉100047dcc提交的代码，并且保留其他人提交的代码。
这个问题，折腾到了晚上9点半左右，尝试了网上给出的：
git rebase -i commit_id //再通过将pick改为drop
但是，实际的效果是，100047dcc代码没了，其他人提交的代码也没有了！
也就是给人感觉和git reset --hard be8c6f6dd没有什么区别！
最后因为太晚，从提交记录上看，100047dcc之后就一个人提交了代码，所以就执行了：
//先切一个备份分支 git branch -b master_tmp //再执行 git reset --hard be8c6f6dd
之后，那个人（也就是我）从备份分支上把文件拷贝回来—（因为我是直接在主分支上改的，自己的分支并没有代码）。
第二天，我打算去拷贝文件，我执行如下操作：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git pull remote: Counting objects: 44, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (23/23), done. remote: Total 26 (delta 19), reused 0 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (26/26), done. From gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice + 1784b12...384decc master -> origin/master (forced update) f8f2b19..eb33489 devyaomy -> origin/devyaomy * [new branch] master_tmp -> origin/master_tmp Already up-to-date. yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 796 commits. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) nothing to commit, working directory clean yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git push Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice.git 384decc..1784b12 master -> master
简单的说，我的操作就是两步：
1git pull
2、git push
结果又把代码还原回去了！
为啥呢？
虽然昨天晚上，把远程库的版本回退到了正确的版本，但是我的本地主分支还是最新的commit，也就是说，相比远程库，我本地库是超前了多次提交，毕竟因为远程库回退了嘛！
这个时候，我必须也得对本地库进行回退，回退到线上相同的commit节点才行。
这个时候，我做了以下几个操作：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --soft 384deccaa6
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitignore
modified: conf/application.conf
new file: conf/hanlp.properties
new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
// 文件太多不一一显示
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --hard 384deccaa6
上面敲了很多命令，其实真正只需要git reset --hard 384deccaa6即可。
git reset --hard 384deccaa6
接下来，我开始复制粘贴，从备份分支上，把代码拷贝下。
真的操蛋，这等于是增加工作量啊！
revert 撤销某次提交
到了下午，又有个同事干了类似我上午的操作。把不该有的代码提交上去了！
这就麻烦了，虽然远程库回退了！结果是要求凡是pull最新代码的人，都得进行本地回退的操作。
否则，就没完没了！
到了晚上，对着备份分支进行测试，终于找到了优雅的解决办法！
这就是revert命令
该命令就是为撤销某次提交而存在的；
首先，我是明白100047dcc这次提交是有问题的，这是问题的源头；
也就是说，只要我们把这次提交的给撤销了，就不会有问题了！
步骤 一
$ git revert 100047dcc error: Commit 100047dccb58f3ee5e27b0dfaf5c02ac91dc2c73 is a merge but no -m option was given. fatal: revert failed
结果报错了，报了一个Commit is a merge but no -m option was given.
为什么呢？
如果100047dcc这只是一个普通的提交，其实是不会报错的！
但是，这是一个merge的提交。
那么在撤销时，git并不知道我要撤销具体哪次！如下图：
这个时候，怎么办呢？
我的做法
步骤二
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp) $ git revert 100047dcc -m 1 error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
我执行了这样的一个操作：
git revert 100047dcc -m 1
参数 -m 就是指定要撤销的那个提价，从左往右，从1开始数；也就是我撤销的是ca4a7ff999。
接着其把代码冲突，然后我就解决冲突，保留主分支的代码，去掉那个人的代码。
解决完冲突后，我执行如下操作：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master_tmp'.
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
(all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
(use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/datacentre/action/GetIncomeDistributeAction.java
//文件太多省略。。。
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "ceshi"
[master_tmp d2ae829] ceshi
18 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-)
我上面执行的语句其实就是：
$ git add -A $ git commit -m "ceshi"
步骤三
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp) $ git revert 100047dcc -m 2 error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
也就是执行：
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
即 撤销be8c6f6dde的提交，这个时候也会提示代码冲突了，
接着和上面一样，解决冲突，在提交：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
(fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
(use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitignore
deleted: conf/hanlp.properties
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
// 文件太多省略。。。
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
(all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
(use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitignore
modified: conf/application.conf
deleted: conf/hanlp.properties
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/hq/action/GetStockHistoryDynamicAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/keybordspirit/action/GetMyGroupStockIndexAction.java
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试"
[master_tmp 236da00] 使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试
95 files changed, 2093 insertions(+), 10011 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 conf/hanlp.properties
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/BindMobileGG3Action.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/SendMobileCaptchaGG3Action.java
rewrite dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mystocktags/service/MyStockTagService.java (82%)
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRankListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRecommendReportListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHonoraryAuthorListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotIndustryListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotStockListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotThemeListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetOrganRankListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/AuthorOrganRankCondition.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/HotReportCondition.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/service/HotReportService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/AutoLoginAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/BindOuterChannelAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/EmailRegisterAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/GetUserAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/IsAccountExistAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LoginAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LogoutAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/OuterChannelLoginAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/RegisterAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/LoginService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/RegisterService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserCommonUtils.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserService.java
即：
$ git add -A $ git commit -m "使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试"
可以看出删除掉了那个人提交的文件。
最后一步
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp) $ git push
这样就把那个人提交错误的代码给删除了，其他人的本地分支也不需要版本回退了！
一次改好，到处OK！
总结
当想撤销中间某次提交时，强烈建议使用revert命令，而不是reset。
git reset –hard commit_id 虽然可以回退远程库，但是其要求pull最新代码的每个人的本地分支都要进行版本回退。这样就增加工作量了！
正确的步骤：
git revert commit_id //如果commit_id是merge节点的话,-m是指定具体哪个提交点 git revert commit_id -m 1 //接着就是解决冲突 git add -A git commit -m ".." git revert commit_id -m 2 //接着就是解决冲突 git add -A git commit -m ".." git push
其中git revert commit_id -m 数字是针对，merge提交点的操作。
如果是普通的提交点，不需要这么麻烦。
参考地址：
[Git高级教程(二)] 远程仓库版本回退方法
https://www.cnblogs.com/ShaYeBlog/p/5368064.html
https://blog.csdn.net/hongchangfirst/article/details/49472913